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Open inquiry, as C. Ray Jeffrey notes, requires objective consideration of all points of view, and an unbiased examination of each for its ability to shed light upon the subject of study. Thus biological explanations for criminality must be considered.
Latent Learning
Learning that occurs without any immediate or apparent reinforcement, but which can be demonstrated when there is motivation to do so.
Fixed-Interval Schedules
A type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule where rewards are delivered at fixed intervals of time, provided the correct response is made.
Cognitive Maps
Mental representations of physical locations, helping individuals to navigate and understand spatial environments.
Cognitive Processes
Mental activities involved in the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of knowledge, including perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
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