Why Are Some Xenobiotics Biodegraded Slower Than Crude Oil and Petroleum

question 45

Multiple Choice

Why are some xenobiotics biodegraded slower than crude oil and petroleum products?

• A) Xenobiotics were designed to inhibit microbial growth.
• B) Some xenobiotics are novel compounds that differ from naturally occurring chemicals, thus microorganisms have not yet evolved to effectively degrade them.
• C) Only cometabolic microbial processes degrade xenobiotics.
• D) Chlorinated compounds are so toxic that biodegradation is not possible.

---

Definitions:

Double Marginalization

A scenario in which two or more firms at different stages of a supply chain apply their own markups, leading to inefficiencies and inflated prices for consumers.

Retail Price

The cost at which goods or services are sold to the public, typically higher than the wholesale price to include a markup for profit.

Manufacturer Markup

The difference between the cost to produce a good and its selling price, often added by manufacturers to cover costs and generate profit.

Exclusion of Markup

The practice of not including an additional amount to the cost of goods when pricing them, often to maintain competitive pricing.