Which of the Following Is/are Major Mechanism(s) That Contribute to the Pulmonary

question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is/are major mechanism(s) that contribute to the pulmonary hypertension commonly seen in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?
1) Decreased cross-section area of the pulmonary vascular system
2) Vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia
3) Reflexes from the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors
4) Vasoconstriction induced by humoral agents

• A) 1
• B) 2, 3
• C) 1, 2, 4
• D) 1, 2, 3, 4

---

Definitions:

Anagenesis

Refers to wholesale transformation of a lineage from one form to another. In macroevolutionary studies, anagenesis is considered to be an alternative to lineage splitting or speciation.

Lineage

Lineage refers to a chain of ancestors and their descendants. A lineage may be the successive generations of organisms in a single population, the members of an entire species during an interval of geological time, or a group of related species descending from a common ancestor.

Evolutionary Faunas

Groups of animals that share a similar ecological role and have a continuous evolutionary history across geological times.

Cambrian Fauna

Diverse groups of marine animals that emerged during the Cambrian Period, marked by a rapid increase in complexity and variety of life forms.