It Has Been Predicted That Genes May Be Involved in Smoking

question 2

Multiple Choice

It has been predicted that genes may be involved in smoking initiation and/or current smoking behavior. Previously, large twin and family studies have provided evidence of this and an estimate of heritability (genetic contribution) of 37-55% for initiation and 46-59% for current smoking, depending on gender. A large group of researchers from several institutions composed a pathway- or-systems-based series of studies including SNP analysis, cellular location and protein interaction, replication with other samples, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. What is a likely result?

• A)The study is unlikely to produce meaningful results because it is too diffuse in its methods.
• B)The samples used also correlate with behaviors like depression, often associated with smoking, and they may be finding depression-associated genes.
• C)Two specific genes, one for a transporter protein and one for an opioid receptor, are clearly shown to be causative in all members of each sample.
• D)A group of genes that tend to code for proteins with similar biological function have been identified to contribute significantly.
• E)Genome-wide association studies are of no practical use in studying human behaviors.

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Definitions:

Rescission

The act of cancelling a contract and returning all parties involved to their positions before the contract was made.

Incidental Damages

Compensation for reasonably foreseeable losses caused indirectly by a breach of contract, such as costs incurred to mitigate damages.

Justifiably Withheld

A legal or logical reason to retain, not disclose, or postpone something such as information or payment.

Liquidated Damages

A predetermined amount of money that must be paid as compensation if one party breaches a contract, agreed upon by all parties involved.