Models Designed to Explain Mental Functioning Are Constantly Refined and Modified

question 9

Multiple Choice

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your text?

• A) Replacing the short-term memory component of the modal model with working memory
• B) Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with the episodic buffer
• C) Replacing the short-term memory component of the modal model with iconic memory
• D) Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with working memory

Recognize the significance of need-based theories of motivation and their application in organizational settings.

Comprehend the principles of process theories of motivation and their implication for employee motivation.

Understand the role of creativity in the organizational context and factors that encourage it.

Recognize the implications of agency theory for organizational behavior and management.

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Definitions:

Expectancy Theory

A motivational theory suggesting that an individual's effort level is based on the expectation that effort will lead to a desired performance level and reward.

Expectancy

The degree to which individuals believe that their effort will lead to effective performance and, consequently, a desired outcome.

Effort

The expenditure of physical or mental energy toward the accomplishment of a task or goal.

Valence

In psychology, refers to the intrinsic attractiveness or aversiveness of an event, object, or situation.