Recent Research on Memory, Based Largely on Fear Conditioning in Rats

question 28

Multiple Choice

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

• A) fear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories.
• B) memories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred.
• C) when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.
• D) memory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus.

Understand the mechanisms and importance of auditory and visual signals in animal communication.

Describe the principles of animal navigation, including homing and the use of environmental cues.

Explain the significance of reproductive strategies and costs in males and females, including the energetic and opportunity costs.

Understand the roles of haplodiploidy and inclusive fitness in the behavior of eusocial species.

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Definitions:

Maximin Strategy

A decision rule used in game theory and decision making to maximize the minimum possible payoff, focusing on minimizing losses in the worst-case scenario.

Dam Fund

A financial pool created to fund the construction, maintenance, or repair of dam infrastructure.

Constant-Sum

A situation in which the total resources available are fixed, and one party's gain is another party's loss.

Prisoners' Dilemma

A scenario in game theory in which two individuals acting in their own self-interest do not achieve the optimal outcome, showing how cooperation can be difficult even when it is mutually beneficial.