If You Wanted to Examine Whether the Attitudes Toward Learning

question 12

Multiple Choice

If you wanted to examine whether the attitudes toward learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.) , what is the independent variable of interest?

• A)grade level
• B)students' attitudes
• C)parents' attitudes
• D)level of parent involvement

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Definitions:

Instrumental Conditioning

A learning process wherein behavior is modified by the consequences of the behavior, with reinforcement used to increase desirable behaviors and punishment to decrease undesirable ones.

Classical Conditioning

The process of acquiring knowledge by forming connections between a stimulus found in the surroundings and one that arises on its own, which leads to the development of a learned reaction.

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, a process that increases the likelihood of a behavior by applying a stimulus after the behavior is exhibited.

Reinforcers

Stimuli that, when presented after a behavior, increase the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.