An Instrumentation Effect Occurs When:​

question 12

Multiple Choice

An instrumentation effect occurs when:​

• A) ​the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest.
• B) ​the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
• C) ​there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
• D) ​there is statistical regression to the mean.

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Definitions:

Regression Line

A line of best fit through a scatter plot of data points in linear regression, representing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

SSR

Sum of Squared Residuals; it quantifies the variance in observed values that is not explained by the predictive model.

SSE

Stands for Sum of Squared Errors, a measure used in statistics to quantify the discrepancy between the data and an estimation model.

Standard Error

A measure of the dispersion or variability of a sample statistic, such as the mean, from the population mean, often used to indicate precision.