A Patient with End-Stage Heart Failure Is Experiencing Considerable Dyspnea

question 9

Multiple Choice

A patient with end-stage heart failure is experiencing considerable dyspnea.Appropriate pharmacological management of this symptom includes:

• A) administration of 6 mg of midazolam ( Versed ) and initiation of a continuous midazolam infusion.
• B) administration of morphine, 5 mg IV bolus, and initiation of a continuous morphine infusion.
• C) hourly increases of the midazolam ( Versed ) infusion by 100% dose increments.
• D) hourly increases of the morphine infusion by 100% dose increments.

---

Definitions:

Bowenian Theory

A theory of human behavior that focuses on family systems and intergenerational processes, developed by psychiatrist Murray Bowen.

Emotional Relief

A psychological state in which an individual experiences a reduction in stress or distress, often through the expression or processing of emotions.

Emotional Cutoff

A defense mechanism where an individual avoids emotional connections with others to manage unresolved interpersonal conflicts.

Differentiation

The process of distinguishing or discriminating between two or more things or concepts, often leading to a better understanding or categorization.