All of the Following Are Reasons Why an HIV Vaccine

question 2

Multiple Choice

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT

• A)there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection.
• B)use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection.
• C)small,inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available.
• D)vaccines are not effective against viral infections.
• E)HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic.

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Definitions:

Pyruvate

A critical molecule in cellular metabolism that marks the end of glycolysis and the starting point for the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration or fermentation in anaerobic conditions.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme found in all living cells that is critical in metabolic processes, particularly in redox reactions.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) serves as an electron carrier, playing a crucial role in cellular energy production during the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Electron Transfer Phosphorylation

Process in which electron flow through electron transfer chains sets up a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation.