Since 1970, U

question 210

Multiple Choice

Since 1970, U.S. consumption function has generally shifted ________ because of ________.

• A) upward; higher expected future income and rising wealth
• B) upward; higher real interest rates
• C) downward; higher real interest rates
• D) downward; falling wealth

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Definitions:

Night Sky

The appearance of the sky after sunset, characterized by darkness interspersed with celestial objects such as stars, planets, and the moon.

Aversive Stimulus

An unpleasant or noxious stimulus used to influence behavior through negative reinforcement or punishment.

Operant Response

Operant response involves a behavior that is modified by its consequences, with reinforcement increasing the likelihood of the behavior and punishment reducing it.

Negative Punishment

A behavior modification technique involving the removal of a desirable stimulus after unwanted behavior occurs, with the aim of decreasing that behavior.