DrSerin and Colleagues Developed an Empirically-Based Framework for Making Parole

question 11

Multiple Choice

Dr.Serin and colleagues developed an empirically-based framework for making parole decisions that has been adopted by the Parole Board of Canada.Research on the use of this framework has revealed that:

• A)Higher rates of decision errors have occurred due to confusion over the model
• B)Lower rates of decision errors have occurred across a range of situations
• C)Lower rates of decision errors have occurred,but only for Aboriginal offenders
• D)Higher rates of decision errors have occurred for special inmate populations (Aboriginal,youth,women)but errors have been reduced for the remainder of inmates
• E)Use of this model does not result in significant differences when compared to traditional (unstructured)parole decision-making

---

Definitions:

Superseding Causes

Events that occur after a defendant's negligent act, breaking the causal connection between that act and the harm suffered, and relieving the defendant of liability.

Res Ipsa Loquitur

A legal doctrine that allows proof of negligence to be inferred from the mere fact that an accident occurred, if the accident is the kind that typically would not happen without negligence.

Proximate Cause

The extent to which, as a matter of policy, a defendant may be held liable for the consequences of his or her actions. In the majority of states, proximate cause requires that the plaintiff and the type of injury suffered by the plaintiff were foreseeable at the time of the accident. In the minority of states, proximate cause exists if the defendant’s actions led to the plaintiff’s harm.

Legal Cause

A legally sufficient reason to file a lawsuit, based on recognized legal principles.