Edward Lewis Is Scheduled for a Transthoracic Esophagectomy with Lymph

question 22

Multiple Choice

Edward Lewis is scheduled for a transthoracic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection for cancer of the esophagus.Which incisional approach is indicated for this procedure?

• A) Left thoracoabdominal incision
• B) Right posterior lateral thoracotomy and midline abdominal incision
• C) Three-incision (three-hole) approach with cervical,right thoracotomy,and midline laparotomy incisions
• D) Any of the three above incisions may be used per surgeon preference or tumor location.

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Definitions:

Self-Concept

An individual's perception of themselves, including beliefs, feelings, and thoughts about one's abilities, appearance, and values.

Cognitive Development

The process by which individuals acquire and develop the ability to think, understand, and reason over time.

Social Referencing

A baby’s adjustment of its reactions to objects or events based on feedback provided by a caregiver. For example, a baby may look at a caregiver’s facial expression before approaching a new toy.

Intergenerational Transmission

When parents repeat with their children the patterns of trauma, rejection, and maltreatment that they experienced as children from their own parents.