The Head of the Department of Transportation Reviewed a Film

question 39

Essay

The head of the Department of Transportation reviewed a film that demonstrated the effectiveness of air bags in automobiles. He then passed a rule that Ford Motor Company must retrofit, without charge to the automobile owner, all of its 1985 models as an experiment on the safety of the air bag. Ford refused to do so. The DOT held a hearing and decided to fine Ford $1 million for violating its regulation. A notification of this decision was mailed to Ford. What constitutional issues does this case raise?

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Definitions:

Stairs

Constructed steps that allow people or animals to move from one level to another, typically within buildings or outdoor structures.

Mental Set

A psychological inclination to approach situations in a certain way, based on prior experiences and perceptions, which can impact problem-solving and behavior.

Small Business

A privately owned corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship that has fewer employees and less annual revenue than a corporation or regular-sized business.

Business Strategies

Plans of action designed to achieve specific goals and objectives in the commercial world, often involving the coordination of resources.