Someone Notices That Sunspot Activity Is High Just Prior to Recessions

question 57

Multiple Choice

Someone notices that sunspot activity is high just prior to recessions and concludes that sunspots cause recessions. This person has:

• A) confused association and causation.
• B) misunderstood the Ceteris paribus assumption.
• C) used normative economics to answer a positive question.
• D) built an untestable model.

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Definitions:

Estrogen

A primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

Hot Flashes

Quick, intense bouts of warmth often experienced by women undergoing hormonal changes, particularly during menopause.

Exercise

Physical activities performed to improve health, maintain fitness, or as a form of leisure.

Well-being

The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy, encompassing physical, mental, and emotional health.