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The real balances effect is caused by an inverse relationship between the price level and the real value of financial assets with fixed nominal value.
Long-Run Profits
Long-run profits refer to the earnings a firm can expect over a period during which all inputs can be adjusted, reflecting the company's true economic performance.
Oligopoly
A market structure in which a few firms dominate the industry, leading to limited competition and potentially high prices for consumers.
Concentration Ratio
A measure used in economics to assess the degree of concentration of market power in an industry, often expressed as the percentage of market share held by the top firms.
Excess Capacity
A situation where a firm or an economy can produce more goods or provide more services than currently being produced, due to unused resources.
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