When Light in Air or a Vacuum Enters the Plane

question 26

Multiple Choice

When light in air or a vacuum enters the plane surface of a dense,transparent medium at an angle to the perpendicular to this surface,which way does the light ray bend?

• A) The light ray bends away from the perpendicular.
• B) The light ray does not bend at all because the material is transparent.
• C) The light ray bends toward the perpendicular.
• D) The light ray bends so that, whatever the incoming angle, the light always travels along the perpendicular to the surface.

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Definitions:

Economic Profit

The surplus remaining after deducting total costs from total revenues, including both explicit and implicit costs, and representing a measure of economic efficiency.

Rate of Return

The gain or loss on an investment over a specified period, expressed as a percentage of the investment's initial cost.

Accounting Profit

The total revenue of a business minus the explicit costs, representing the financial gain on its income statement.

Economic Cost

The total cost of choosing one action over another, including both the costs incurred and the opportunity costs of forgone alternatives.