Measurement of the Sizes of Hot Spots in the Temperature

question 165

Multiple Choice

Measurement of the sizes of hot spots in the temperature distribution of the cosmic microwave background suggests that the universe is flat.Yet the combined density of all the matter and energy we see,plus the dark matter we infer,is only about a quarter of the critical density.What conclusion have we drawn from this discrepancy?

• A) The universe is not flat after all.
• B) There must be a large amount of luminous matter and radiation in the universe that we have not yet found.
• C) The universe is smaller than we have been assuming and thus the measured density is larger.
• D) There is an entity to which we have given the name "dark energy" that contributes to the total density but that we cannot detect by the usual methods.

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Definitions:

Purely Monopolistic

Characterizes a market scenario where one entity exclusively controls the entire market for a product or service, eliminating all direct competition.

Downsloping Demand Curve

A graph representing the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded, indicating that as price decreases, demand increases.

Entry Barriers

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market, including high start-up costs, stringent regulations, and established brand loyalty.

Pure Monopoly

A market structure where a single firm is the sole producer of a product or service with no close substitutes.