Probably the MOST Difficult Factor to Estimate in the Drake

question 3

Multiple Choice

Probably the MOST difficult factor to estimate in the Drake equation is:

• A) R*, the rate at which solar-type stars form in the Galaxy.
• B) fp, the fraction of stars that have planets.
• C) nₑ, the number of planets per solar system that are Earthlike (suitable for life).
• D) L, the lifetime of a technologically advanced civilization.

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Definitions:

Consensus Theories

Sociological theories that emphasize the role of shared norms and values in maintaining order and stability in society.

Shared Norms

Are collectively upheld rules and expectations regarding appropriate behavior within a society or group, guiding members in their interactions.

Tacit Agreements

Unspoken understandings or contracts between parties, often based on common norms or expectations rather than explicit communication.

Social Change

The alteration in the social order of a society, which may include changes in nature, social institutions, social behaviors, or social relations.