For Which Factor in the Drake Equation Do We Actually

question 66

Multiple Choice

For which factor in the Drake equation do we actually have observational knowledge rather than just a speculative estimate?

• A) R*, the rate at which solar-type stars form in the Galaxy
• B) fl, the fraction of Earthlike planets on which life actually arises
• C) fᵢ, the fraction of life-forms that evolve into intelligent species
• D) fc, the fraction of intelligent species that develop adequate technology and then choose to send messages out into space

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Definitions:

Character Formation

The process of developing and defining one's personal beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Associations

The company one keeps, as in family, friends, and other role models who help shape one’s life; important determinants of individual character.

Self-Concept

An individual's understanding of who they are based on their beliefs, characteristics, and values.

Heteronomy

The condition of being influenced, controlled, or governed by external forces or other people, as opposed to autonomy.