Smoking Cigarettes and Having Lung Cancer Are Highly Correlated Events,and

question 68

Multiple Choice

Smoking cigarettes and having lung cancer are highly correlated events,and people often logically conclude that smoking must cause the cancer.It is hypothetically possible,however,that having lung cancer causes one to crave nicotine and thus it leads to smoking.This example illustrates the issue of

• A)the third variable.
• B)a reversed cause-effect relationship.
• C)time of measurement effects.
• D)plasticity.

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Definitions:

Intrinsic Rewards

Rewards that come from within an individual, such as personal satisfaction or joy from performing an activity.

Extrinsic Rewards

Benefits or incentives given to motivate behavior that are external to the task itself, such as money, grades, or accolades.

ERG Theory

A motivational theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer that categorizes human needs into existence, relatedness, and growth categories.

Satisfied Needs

The condition of having one's basic or specific desires fulfilled or met.