Marian Believes That Race Is a Causal Variable in Criminal

question 21

Multiple Choice

Marian believes that race is a causal variable in criminal behavior.Which of the following facts contradicts Marian's belief?

• A)African Americans are more likely to be involved with hidden crimes.
• B)African Americans are lower in socioeconomic standing.
• C)Black-white differences in criminal behavior merely reflect criminal justice system biases.
• D)Whites are watched more closely than African Americans by law enforcement agencies.

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Definitions:

Wealth

The abundance of valuable resources or material possessions, or the control of such assets that can be used to produce more income.

Expected Utility Function

A mathematical representation of an individual's preference for uncertain outcomes, using probabilities to calculate the expected satisfaction or utility.

Utility Function

A mathematical representation that shows the relationship between the utility or satisfaction a consumer receives and the consumption of various goods and services.

Risk Neutral

A description of an investor or decision maker who is indifferent to risk, focusing solely on the expected outcome without regard to the variability of returns.