A Researcher Interested in Resolving the Issue of Whether Emotional

question 12

Multiple Choice

A researcher interested in resolving the issue of whether emotional states play a causal role in cancer must answer which of the following questions?

• A) Is Type A personality a consistent trait?
• B) Are people at risk for cancer also at risk for coronary heart disease?
• C) Does knowledge that one has cancer cause changes in emotional states, or vice versa?
• D) Do we have enough retrospective data to make an unambiguous conclusion?

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Definitions:

Cognitive Dissonance

A psychological phenomenon where an individual experiences discomfort or distress due to holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values.

Intergroup Aggression

Aggressive behavior that occurs between different social groups, driven by cultural, racial, or ethnic differences, often fueled by stereotypes and prejudice.

Scapegoating

Scapegoating describes the act of blaming an individual or group for problems or negative outcomes that they did not cause, often as a way of deflecting attention or responsibility.

Authoritarian Personality

A personality type characterized by adherence to strict obedience to authority and the belief in rigid social hierarchy and norms.