When Ling Was Eight Years Old, She Was Startled and Began

question 123

Multiple Choice

When Ling was eight years old, she was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as she was walking under a ladder. As an adult, Ling is still terrified of ladders. Based on principles of classical conditioning, what term is used to label the sound of the car backfiring?

• A)unconditioned stimulus
• B)conditioned stimulus
• C)counterconditioning
• D)transference

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Definitions:

Two-dimensional

Pertaining to something having both length and width but no depth, or pertaining to analysis or representation on a plane or flat surface.

Binocular Disparity

The difference in the images received by the two eyes due to their different positions, which contributes to the perception of depth.

Depth Cue

Depth cue refers to the visual cues that allow individuals to perceive the distance or three-dimensionality of an object or scene.

Gestalt Psychologists

Psychologists who focus on how people perceive and make sense of information as whole forms rather than the sum of individual elements.