Who Is Primarily Responsible for Developing Operational Plans

question 28

Multiple Choice

Who is primarily responsible for developing operational plans?

• A) lower-level managers
• B) middle managers
• C) top managers
• D) staff advisors
• E) any of these

Recognize cognitive biases and their impact on perceptions and conclusions.

Identify the influence and implications of scientific research on society and policy.

Comprehend the importance of testability and empirical support in validating scientific ideas.

Understand the concept of price elasticity of demand and its calculation.

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Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that becomes reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer, not inherently rewarding but has learned value.

Operant Conditioning

A pedagogical process that modifies the intensity of behavior with either encouragement or discipline.

Primary Reinforcer

A fundamental stimulus that satisfies basic survival needs and is naturally reinforcing, such as food or water.

Secondary Reinforcer

Also known as a conditioned reinforcer, it is a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer.