Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)is a Minimally Invasive Operative Technique That

question 21

Multiple Choice

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive operative technique that has evolved over the past decade.It uses an endoscopic approach to visualize the thoracic cavity for diagnosis of pleural disease or treatment of pleural and lung conditions.In the adult,the surgeon creates a 2- to 3-cm incision between the intercostal spaces for insertion of the 10- or 12-mm trocar.The trocar sites can also be used for insertion of a .

• A) fourth and sixth;robotic EndoWrist grasper
• B) fifth and seventh;chest tube
• C) fifth and seventh;zero-degree scope
• D) sixth and eighth;video camera

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Definitions:

Perfectly Competitive

A market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogenous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information, leading to optimal distribution and prices.

Market Price

The price at which goods and services are sold in the market, determined by the forces of supply and demand.

Profit

The financial gain made in a transaction or operation, calculated as total revenue minus total costs.

Total Variable Costs

The complete costs that vary with output level, such as materials and labor, in the production process.