Salame and Baddeley (1989) Asked Participants to Maintain Information in Working

question 30

Multiple Choice

Salame and Baddeley (1989) asked participants to maintain information in working memory while listening to either singing, music without singing, or no sounds at all.They found that:

• A)music helps young adults to study, but hurts the ability of older adults to learn.
• B)singing most interfered with maintaining information in the phonological loop.
• C)all three conditions led to relatively good performance.
• D)the condition without any sound was the most challenging.

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Definitions:

Classical Architecture

An architectural style influenced by the buildings of ancient Greece and Rome, characterized by symmetry, columns, and elaborate decoration.

Flying Buttresses

Architectural features consisting of external supports that transfer the thrust of a vault or roof to support piers, critical in the construction of Gothic cathedrals.

Pointed Arches

Architectural elements with pointed tops, characteristic of Gothic architecture, that allow for taller and more slender structures.

Humanist

A humanist is someone who emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, often preferring critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or superstition.