Salame and Baddeley (1989) Asked Participants to Maintain Information in Working

question 30

Multiple Choice

Salame and Baddeley (1989) asked participants to maintain information in working memory while listening to either singing, music without singing, or no sounds at all.They found that:

• A)music helps young adults to study, but hurts the ability of older adults to learn.
• B)singing most interfered with maintaining information in the phonological loop.
• C)all three conditions led to relatively good performance.
• D)the condition without any sound was the most challenging.

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Definitions:

Recognition

The ability to identify previously encountered events, objects, or people.

Memory Revision

The process of altering or modifying memories, often involving the integration of new information or reinterpretation of existing memories.

Loftus

Refers to Elizabeth Loftus, a prominent psychologist known for her research on human memory, particularly on the malleability of eyewitness memory.

Nondeclarative Memories

Memories that are acquired and retrieved unconsciously, including procedural memories such as how to ride a bicycle.