How Are Threats to Validity Affected When Studies Are Conducted

question 19

Multiple Choice

How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in real-world settings?

• A) Threats to both internal and external validity are increased.
• B) Threats to both internal and external validity are decreased.
• C) Threats to internal validity are decreased, whereas threats to external validity are increased.
• D) Threats to internal validity are increased, while threats to external validity are decreased.

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Definitions:

Modal Selection

The process of choosing the most appropriate method of transportation for goods based on factors such as cost, speed, and product characteristics.

Product Value

The perceived worth of a product or service to the customer, often influenced by its utility, quality, and the benefits it provides.

Pipeline Costs

Refers to the expenses associated with the operation, maintenance, and construction of pipelines used to transport goods, liquids, or gases.

Predominantly Fixed

A term describing costs or attributes that remain constant and do not vary significantly with activity level.