In Which Study Design Do Participants Serve as Their Own

question 12

Multiple Choice

In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

• A) Cross-sectional
• B) Ex post facto
• C) Retrospective
• D) Longitudinal

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Definitions:

Mindguards

Individuals within a group who limit access to information to prevent dissent or critical thinking that might challenge the group's consensus.

Protecting

Ensuring safety or defending something from harm, damage, or adverse conditions.

Illusion of Invulnerability

A cognitive bias leading individuals or groups to underestimate risks and overestimate their ability to control outcomes.

Groupthink

A psychological phenomenon occurring within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.