All Carcinomas Are Malignant Tumors That Originate from Squamous Epithelium

question 105

Multiple Choice

All carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from squamous epithelium except one. Which is the exception?

• A) Adenoid cystic
• B) Basal cell
• C) Verrucous
• D) Squamous cell

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Definitions:

Anticipatory Contrast

The long-lasting change in response due to an anticipated change in the reinforcement contingency.

Generalization of Inhibition

Generalization of inhibition occurs when an organism learns to suppress a response not only to the conditioned stimulus but also to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, demonstrating a broadening of inhibitory control.

Generalization Gradient

A graph that shows the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that vary in similarity to the conditioned stimulus; typically, responses diminish as stimuli become less similar.

Hull-Spence Model

A theory of learning that integrates drive reduction and incentive motivation, proposing that a combination of stimuli and past reinforcements can predict behavior.