Guidelines Published in the New England Journal of Medicine to Help

question 39

Multiple Choice

Guidelines published in the New England Journal of Medicine to help prevent misinterpretation of scientific studies include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

• A) An association between two events is not the same as a cause and effect relationship.
• B) Demonstrating one link in a postulated chain of events does not mean that the whole chain has been proved.
• C) A single study can prove a theory if it is reviewed by peers.
• D) Probabilities are not the same as certainties.
• E) The way a scientific result is framed can greatly affect its impact.

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Definitions:

Sample Size

The number of observations or data points collected in a sample from a population.

Regression Parameters

Regression parameters refer to the coefficients in the equation of a regression line, representing the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Third-Order Polynomial Model

A mathematical model represented by a third-degree polynomial equation, used to describe relationships between variables.

Test Statistic F

A ratio of variances used in the context of an F-test in statistics to compare the dispersions of two populations.