The Primary Cause of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Constipation During Pregnancy

question 33

Multiple Choice

The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is

• A) inadequate fluid intake by the mother.
• B) overeating by the mother.
• C) intolerance to prenatal vitamins.
• D) relaxation of the smooth muscles.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus becomes triggered by a previously neutral stimulus after repeated association.

Operant Conditioning

A learning method that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, encouraging the occurrence of desired behaviors.

Automatic Responses

Reflex actions or instinctual reactions that occur without conscious thought, often as a result of learned behaviors or biological predispositions.

Voluntary Responses

Reactions that are consciously controlled and performed by an individual in response to external stimuli.