What Are the Three Formal Communication Channels in Organizations

question 112

Multiple Choice

What are the three formal communication channels in organizations?

• A)downward,horizontal,and upward  
• B)hierarchical,functional,and organizational  
• C)horizontal,upward,and hierarchical  
• D)functional,organizational,and downward

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Definitions:

Pall Holder

An individual who helps to carry or hold the pall, a ceremonial cloth, over a coffin during a funeral.

Ritual

The symbolic affirmation of values by means of culturally standardized utterances and actions.

Symbolic Affirmation

The act of validating or reinforcing a belief, value, or identity through symbols, rituals, or statements that have deep personal or cultural significance.

Culturally Standardized

Practices, norms, or products that have been widely accepted and integrated into a culture.