An Alarm Call Benefits Multiple Individuals,both Related and Unrelated (R

question 22

Multiple Choice

An alarm call benefits multiple individuals,both related and unrelated (r = 0) .Can this behavior still evolve according to Hamilton's rule? (There are 1,2,…,A individuals that are related to the donor by r₁,r₂,…,rA and receive benefits b₁,b₂,…,bA)

• A)No, unrelated individuals will automatically set the benefits to 0, as Hamilton's rule for multiple individuals is .
• B)No, this case no longer addresses inclusive fitness, and Hamilton's rule does not apply.
• C)Yes, if there are more related individuals benefiting than unrelated individuals, as Hamilton's rule for multiple individuals is .
• D)Yes, as long as the benefits to related individuals satisfy .

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Definitions:

Fovea Capitis

The Fovea Capitis is a small, central pit on the head of the femur, where the ligament of the head of the femur attaches.

Ilium

The broad, upper part of the hip bone, one of three bones that fuse together to form the pelvis.

Acetabulum

The Acetabulum is the concave surface of the pelvis that receives the head of the femur, forming the hip joint.

Obturator Foramen

A large opening in the hip bone formed by the pubis and ischium, through which nerves and blood vessels pass to the lower limb.