Results from Studies in Which Researchers Have Attempted to Teach

question 31

Multiple Choice

Results from studies in which researchers have attempted to teach chimpanzees to use non-verbal language (i.e.,sign language or communication boards) indicate that

• A) chimpanzees are incapable of acquiring non-verbal communication.
• B) some chimpanzees have appeared to learn many words, and have combined words in appropriate ways.
• C) chimpanzees are capable of learning language to a level equivalent to that seen in 10-year-old children.
• D) chimpanzees can use non-verbal methods to communicate with other chimps, but not with humans.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A method of learning where, through continuous pairing, a reaction initially induced by a second stimulus comes to be provoked by the first stimulus instead.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Discrimination

Discriminatory actions or attitudes against people belonging to distinct categories, mainly due to factors like ethnicity, age, or sexual orientation.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus, famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs.