When Differences Between Age Groups Are Due to the Groups

question 148

Multiple Choice

When differences between age groups are due to the groups growing up in different time periods,this is a

• A) cross-sectional effect.
• B) longitudinal effect.
• C) cohort effect.
• D) time of testing effect.

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Definitions:

Self-Serving Bias

A common cognitive bias that causes individuals to attribute positive outcomes to their own characteristics and negative outcomes to external factors.

Fundamental Attribution Error

A cognitive bias that leads people to overemphasize personal traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behaviors.

Self-Serving Bias

A cognitive bias that involves attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem.

Penalty Shot

A free shot granted as a result of a violation of rules, specifically in sports like soccer and hockey, with only the shooter and goalkeeper involved in the attempt.