The Average Smoker Has an Estimated Life Expectancy _____ Shorter

question 132

Multiple Choice

The average smoker has an estimated life expectancy _____ shorter than that of a similar nonsmoker.

• A)4-5 years
• B)8-9 years
• C)13-14 years
• D)19-20 years

---

Definitions:

Contracting Disease

The process of becoming infected with a disease, often through the spread of pathogens from one individual to another.

Secondary Aging

The aging process that results from disease and poor health practices rather than from the passage of time (primary aging) or genetic influences.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors encompass all external conditions and influences that affect the life and development of an organism or community.

Behavioral Choices

Refers to the decisions and actions taken by an individual, which are influenced by factors like upbringing, environment, and personal beliefs.