Scientific Understanding Can Always Be Challenged, and Even Changed, with New

question 38

Multiple Choice

Scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations. For example, new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information. This has resulted in revised ways of understanding how molecules are moved across the plasma membrane of cells. Hence, there is no certainty in science, only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change. In light of this understanding, which of the following statements is MOST meaningful?

• A) Scientific knowledge is absolute knowledge.
• B) Scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge.
• C) Scientific knowledge is a static and unchanging collection of facts.
• D) Scientific knowledge is a rigid collection of invariable facts.

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Definitions:

Judaism

A monotheistic religion of the Jewish people, encompassing their culture, philosophy, traditions, and rituals guided by the Hebrew Bible.

Protestant Ethic

A concept in sociology that relates hard work, frugality, and prosperity to a person's salvation and ethical life, particularly within Protestantism.

John Calvin

A theologian and key figure in the Protestant Reformation, known for his influential teachings and writings on Christianity.

Worldly Activity

Actions or endeavors undertaken by individuals or groups that are concerned with the secular, earthly, or material aspects of life.