Early birds had small,thick skulls and two toes on each foot.Archaeopteryx had a long,almost pointy skull and three toes on each foot.Early birds and Archaeopteryx shared the traits of feathers; clawed hands; and a long,bony tail.Examine the two trees presented in the figure below.Assuming that Xiaotingia shared traits with Archaeopteryx that neither of them shared with birds and looking only at the traits presented here,which of the trees shows the most likely relationship between these three animals? Support your answer by indicating which tree branch is initiated by which characteristic.
Definitions:
Reduction
A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons or the decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.
Oxidizing
Refers to the process of losing electrons or increasing the oxidation state of a molecule, atom, or ion in a chemical reaction.
Primary Alcohol
An alcohol with the -OH group attached to a carbon atom that is itself bonded to no more than one other carbon atom.
Aldehyde
An organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to at least one hydrogen atom.
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