Dr Gordon Finds That Heroin-Addicted Adults Almost Always Smoked Cigarettes

question 89

Multiple Choice

Dr. Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol when they were young adolescents. Knowing this strong association we can conclude that ________

• A) cigarette smoking causes drinking, which causes heroin addiction.
• B) if cigarette smoking and drinking could be stopped in adolescence, heroin addiction would be stopped too.
• C) heroin addiction is caused by the same factors that cause early smoking and drinking.
• D) there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.