Dr Gordon Finds That Heroin-Addicted Adults Almost Always Smoked Cigarettes

question 89

Multiple Choice

Dr. Gordon finds that heroin-addicted adults almost always smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol when they were young adolescents. Knowing this strong association we can conclude that ________

• A) cigarette smoking causes drinking, which causes heroin addiction.
• B) if cigarette smoking and drinking could be stopped in adolescence, heroin addiction would be stopped too.
• C) heroin addiction is caused by the same factors that cause early smoking and drinking.
• D) there is an association among the variables, but no causal inferences should be drawn.

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Definitions:

Public Choice Analysis

is a field of economics that applies economic reasoning to political science, analyzing government actions in terms of economic efficiency and individual behaviors.

Political Science

The study of politics, government systems, and political behavior, focusing on the theory and practice of politics and analyses of political systems and political activities.

Economic Topics

Economic Topics are issues or subjects related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Redistribution of Income

Government policies or mechanisms aimed at reducing income inequality by reallocating wealth and income from richer to poorer segments of society.