Epidemiologists Tried to Investigate the Role of Factor Y in the Exposure-Disease

question 4

Multiple Choice

Epidemiologists tried to investigate the role of factor Y in the exposure-disease relationship.They developed three tables to show the exposure-disease relationship based on the status of factor Y.In this analysis,what is the odds ratio in the overall population? $\text { Overall }$
$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline & \text { Case } & \text { Control } \\\hline \text { Exposed } & 1,000 & 500 \\\hline \text { Unexposed } & 200 & 500\\\hline\end{array}$

$\text { Factor } Y \text { present }$
$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline & \text { Case } & \text { Control } \\\hline \text { Exposed } & 800 & 250 \\\hline \text { Unexposed } & 100 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$

$\text { Factor } Y \text { absent }$
$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline & \text { Case } & \text { Control } \\\hline \text { Exposed } & 200 & 250 \\\hline \text { Unexposed } & 100 & 250 \\\hline\end{array}$

• A) 0.5
• B) 1.0
• C) 2.0
• D) 5.0
• E) 8.0

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Definitions:

Values

Core beliefs or standards that guide behavior and decision-making, both at an individual and organizational level.

Utilitarianism

This is an ethical theory that posits the best action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

Schwartz's Values Model

Is a theory that identifies universal values that influence people's behavior and categorizes them into a system that explains human motivation.

Universalism

The ethical perspective that certain standards, values, or truths are applicable to all people, regardless of culture or individual differences.