_____________________ (Three Words)is a Process in Which a Lower-Level Managers

question 6

Short Answer

_____________________ (three words)is a process in which a lower-level managers budget their departments' resource needs,whereas _____________________ (three words)is a process in which middle and lower-level managers set budget targets in accordance with overall organisational revenues.

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Definitions:

Formal Authority

Formal authority is the official power granted to an individual or entity within an organization to make decisions, direct others, and enforce obedience based on their position or role.

Vertical Specialization

The structuring of an organization’s workforce based on hierarchical levels of authority and specialized functions or tasks.

Impersonal Coordination

The organization and management of tasks or activities without personal involvement, often through systems or standardized procedures.

Standardization

The method of establishing and advancing technological norms to guarantee uniformity and interoperability across processes, products, or services.