The Rising Phase of a Cardiac Pacemaker Action Potential Is

question 23

Multiple Choice

The rising phase of a cardiac pacemaker action potential is caused by a __________ current.

• A)potassium
• B)sodium
• C)chloride
• D)calcium

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Definitions:

Defensive Attributions

Cognitive processes used to deflect blame from oneself and to prevent feelings of guilt or inadequacy, often by assigning responsibility to external factors.

Self-Serving Bias

A common tendency to attribute success to personal characteristics and failures to external factors for self-enhancement.

Actor-Observer Bias

A cognitive bias where individuals attribute their own actions to external situations while attributing others' actions to their personalities or dispositions.

Defensive Attribution

A psychological process by which individuals tend to attribute causes for successes and failures in a way that protects self-esteem.