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Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and
Research Hypothesis
A specific, testable prediction about the expected outcome of a study, based on theoretical knowledge or previous research.
Null Hypothesis
A statement of no effect or no difference, used as a baseline for statistical testing.
µ
The symbol µ (mu) commonly represents the population mean in statistics, which is the average value of a set of characteristics in a population.
μ
The symbol representing the mean (average) of a population in statistics.
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