Describe the Three Main Classes of Diuretic Hormones Found in Insects

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The Answer is 1)Insect myokinins are short peptide hormones that act on the stellate cells of the Malpighian tubules.They activate phospholipase C,which increases production of IP₃,which causes the release of Ca²⁺.The increased concentration of Ca²⁺ results in Cl⁻ transport into the lumen.This movement of Ca²⁺ causes the parallel movement of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ,which then leads to a net movement of NaCl and KCl from the hemolymph into the lumen.2)Cardioacceleratory peptides increase heart rate and stimulate secretion of fluids into the Malpighian tubules.These hormones stimulate phospholipase C,which increases production of IP₃ and release of Ca²⁺.The Ca²⁺ activates the Ca²⁺ calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase and guanylyl cyclase,which results in the increase of H⁺ ATPase activity.3)Fifteen different CRE-related diuretic hormones are found in insects.These hormones stimulate synthesis of cAMP in Malpighian tubule cells,which stimulates cation transport at the basal and apical regions of the principal cells.

Describe the Three Main Classes of Diuretic Hormones Found in Insects

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