In a Study by O'Neill and Gopnik (1991), 4- and 5-Year-Olds

question 54

Multiple Choice

In a study by O'Neill and Gopnik (1991) , 4- and 5-year-olds were able to correctly describe what was in a tunnel and how they knew what was there.Three-year-olds, however, were NOT as successful.How did the researchers know that the 3-year-olds did NOT understand the source of their knowledge?

• A) The 3-year-olds could NOT identify what was in the tunnel.
• B) Some children reported seeing things in the tunnel that were NOT there.
• C) Some children identified a ball as blue after feeling it but NOT seeing it.
• D) Many children identified a ball in the tunnel when there was no ball there.

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Definitions:

Kirk's Dik-dik

A small antelope species native to Eastern and Southern Africa, known for its distinctive snout and monogamous pair bonds.

Sexual Receptivity

The willingness and readiness of an organism, particularly females, to engage in mating behavior during specific periods.

Scent Marks

Chemical substances secreted by animals used for communication and territorial marking among conspecifics and deterrents against predators or rivals.

Mate Guarding Hypothesis

A theory suggesting that individuals exhibit behaviors aimed at reducing the risk of mates mating with other potential mates to ensure paternity or maternity.