Examlex
The circular model basically says that
Sample Mean
The average value of a set of characteristics (numbers) from a subset of a population, used to estimate the population mean.
Null Hypothesis
The default position in statistical hypothesis testing that assumes no relationship or effect between the variables being studied.
P-value
The likelihood of getting test outcomes that are as significant as or more so than the ones actually seen, presuming the null hypothesis is true.
Level of Significance
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis in a statistical test when the hypothesis is true; often represented by alpha (α).
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