Identify Howe's Four Categories of Crowdsourcing

question 9

Essay

Identify Howe's four categories of crowdsourcing.

---

Definitions:

Diluted Earnings Per Share

A calculation of earnings per share that includes potential shares from convertible securities, providing a "worst-case" scenario of earnings per share.

Basic Earnings

The amount of profit attributable to shareholders before deductions for preferred dividends, calculated on a per-share basis.

Continuing Operations

The portions of a business’s activities expected to continue for the foreseeable future, as opposed to activities that are being discontinued or phased out.

Loss

A financial term referring to the situation where expenses exceed revenues, leading to negative profit.