List Three Arguments That Have Been Used by Opponents of Affirmative

question 39

Essay

List three arguments that have been used by opponents of Affirmative Action.

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Definitions:

Expected Utility

A theory in economics that calculates the utility of an entity based on the probabilistic outcomes of its choices.

Probability

A numerical expression between 0 and 1 that quantifies the probability of an event happening.

Expected Total Utility

The anticipated satisfaction or benefit a consumer will derive from the consumption of goods or services.

Probability

A measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.